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Instructions for using the automatic serve machine
2026-03-261
I. Safety Precautions (Mandatory Reading)
  1. Read this manual thoroughly before use. Children must operate the machine under adult supervision at all times to avoid contact with hazardous components.

  1. During operation, keep all body parts away from the ball outlet, friction wheels, connecting rods, and other rotating parts to prevent injuries from high-speed balls or mechanical movement.

  1. Reserve at least 3 meters of unobstructed space for installation and placement. The floor must be level (calibration with a level is recommended) to avoid trajectory deviation or machine tipping due to tilting.

  1. Ensure the power interface matches the machine's rated voltage. Secure the power cable with an anti-trip sleeve to prevent power outages or equipment damage caused by pulling.

  1. Avoid using the machine outdoors in sandy, rainy, or snowy conditions to prevent moisture damage and accelerated component wear.

  1. If abnormal odors, smoke, or noises occur during operation, immediately press the emergency stop button and disconnect the power supply. Have the machine inspected by professional technicians—do not disassemble it yourself.

  1. After use, always turn off the power switch and unplug the power cord to ensure the machine is fully powered off.

II. Equipment Installation and Placement
(A) Basic Installation Steps
  1. Component Assembly: Vertically pull out the ball hopper and align it with the positioning posts on the main body, ensuring a secure fit on all four sides. For machines equipped with a ball collection net, open the latches, slide the net's square holes over the machine head, insert the pins into the support frame, attach the ends of the side nets to the net frame, clamp them near the tennis net, and secure with rubber bands.

  1. Position Calibration: Normally place the machine at the center of the court baseline. Test with the fixed-point mode—if the ball landing deviates from the center line, manually adjust the machine's angle until the landing point is accurate.

  1. Power Connection: Insert the power adapter's output plug into the machine's jack, ensuring a tight connection. Connect the adapter to a power outlet securely, and check that the cable has no damage or exposed wires.

(B) Placement Notes
  1. Lock the machine's casters to prevent movement during operation. When moving the machine, lift it gently to avoid dropping or colliding.

  1. Adjust the distance between the serving machine and the court according to training needs. For standard training, maintain a distance that prevents balls from going out of bounds.

III. Operation Procedures
(A) Startup and Shutdown
  1. Power Initialization: Plug in the power cord and turn on the main power switch. The "On/Pause" indicator on the control panel will turn red, and the mode and position indicators will light up simultaneously. The system loads factory default parameters (upper wheel speed 5.0, lower wheel speed 1.0, serving frequency 50 balls per minute).

  1. Start Serving: After adjusting the desired parameters, press the "On/Pause" button on the control panel. The indicator will turn from red to green, and the machine will start serving. Press "On/Pause" again to pause (indicator returns to red) and press once more to resume.

  1. Shutdown Process: First press "On/Pause" to stop serving. After all mechanical parts have completely stopped, turn off the main power switch and unplug the power cord.

(B) Core Parameter Adjustment
  1. Serving Frequency Adjustment (30-99 balls/minute)

  • Press the "Serving Frequency" button on the control panel. The corresponding digital display will flash. Use the ▲/▼ keys (or rotating knob) to adjust the value—long-pressing allows quick adjustment. A higher value means faster serving.

  • The system automatically confirms the parameter after 5 seconds of inactivity, or you can press "Serving Frequency" again to confirm manually. Adjustments are allowed in both running and paused states. Beginners are advised to start with 30-40 balls per minute and gradually increase as they gain proficiency.

  1. Spin and Speed Adjustment

  • Spin Selection: In fixed-point or random mode, press the "Spin Selection" button to switch between topspin and backspin modes (corresponding indicator lights up). The digital display shows the last used speed parameter. Some models support sidespin and mixed spin, with 36 gradient adjustments for spin intensity via multi-position switching.

  • Speed Adjustment: Press the "Upper Wheel Speed" or "Lower Wheel Speed" button. After the digital display flashes, adjust the value (0.5-9.9 levels) using the keys or knob, with 0.1 increments per level. A higher value indicates faster spin speed. The built-in gyroscope compensates for spin attenuation in real time to ensure serving stability.

  1. Serving Mode Settings

  • Fixed-Point Mode: Press the "Fixed-Point Mode" button (indicator lights up) and select the landing point using the 1-9 horizontal position keys. Press the "On/Pause" button to start continuous serving to the selected point. This mode is ideal for basic skill refinement and fixed-movement training, allowing users to focus on mastering specific strokes without adjusting to variable landing points.

  • Random Mode: Press the "Random Mode" button to switch between full-court (middle green light), right half-court (right red light), and left half-court (left red light) options. It supports random landing at 1-9 horizontal points, making it suitable for improving reaction speed and adapting to real-game rhythms by simulating unpredictable opponent shots.

  • Mixed Random Mode: First select either full-court or half-court random mode, then press the "Random Long/Short Ball" button (indicator lights up). After startup, the machine combines horizontal randomness with long/short ball variations, providing advanced tactical training that enhances comprehensive playing abilities and prepares users for complex game scenarios.

  • Custom Mode: Press the "Custom Mode" button to select Program P1 or P2. Enter fixed-point mode to set speed, frequency, and trajectory parameters, then press the "Edit" button and use the position keys to set up to 32 landing points. Press "Custom Mode" again to save the program. Once started, the machine serves according to the edited trajectory, offering personalized training tailored to specific skill breakthroughs or targeted practice needs.

IV. Phased Training Guide
(A) Foundation Building Phase (Beginners)
  • Parameter Settings: Use low speed, a serving frequency of 30-40 balls per minute (4-5 seconds interval), fixed landing points in forehand or backhand comfort zones, and mainly topspin balls to reduce difficulty and build confidence.

  • Training Content: Focus on fixed-point hitting practice, emphasizing proper backswing, body rotation, and follow-through movements, with a focus on returning to the center line after each hit to maintain positioning. Incorporate small-range moving hitting (1-2 meters left/right landing changes) to practice adjustment steps and footwork coordination. Add alternating forehand and backhand receiving drills to enhance judgment and transition ability between strokes.

(B) Skill Improvement Phase (Intermediate Users)
  • Parameter Settings: Adjust to medium-high speed, a serving frequency of 50-70 balls per minute (2-3 seconds interval), and increase landing point variations along with spin combinations (alternating topspin and backspin) to challenge existing skills and promote growth.

  • Training Content: Practice line control by hitting cross-court or down-the-line shots to fixed landing points, refining accuracy and shot placement. Focus on depth control, targeting the area within 1 meter of the baseline to develop consistent power and precision. Incorporate "two-point to one-point" and "one-point to two-point" footwork training to improve movement efficiency, and add forward-backward moving hitting (advancing for short balls and retreating for deep balls) to enhance court coverage.

(C) Real-Game Simulation Phase (Advanced Users)
  • Parameter Settings: Enable full random mode (random speed, spin, and landing points), set the serving frequency to 70-90 balls per minute, and activate the mixed spin function to replicate the complexity of real matches.

  • Training Content: Conduct "Serve + Receive" simulation drills by executing a self-toss serve followed by returning the machine's serve, mimicking actual game opening sequences. Practice continuous hitting with random landing points to enhance adaptability and decision-making under pressure. Allocate 70% of training time to targeted weak point training (such as backhand improvement) to address specific deficiencies. For tennis-specific skill development, include net volley and smash practice to strengthen offensive capabilities at the net.

V. Maintenance and Troubleshooting
(A) Daily Maintenance
  1. Cleaning: After powering off the machine, wipe the body with a soft dry cloth or a damp cloth with neutral detergent to remove dust and dirt. Regularly clean the friction wheels to eliminate oil contamination, which can reduce friction and affect serving performance. Periodically inspect the ball channel to remove debris and water, ensuring unobstructed ball flow and preventing jams.

  1. Component Replacement: The friction wheels have a service life of approximately 500,000 hits. Replace them promptly if wear or surface smoothness causes weak serving or unstable landing points. Regularly check springs and drive belts for signs of looseness or damage, and repair or replace them as needed to maintain mechanical functionality.

  1. Storage Requirements: For long-term non-use, disassemble and fold the ball collection net to save space. Store the machine in a dry, well-ventilated area, avoiding moisture, direct sunlight, or heavy pressure that could damage components. Power on and run the machine for 5 minutes monthly to prevent component aging and ensure smooth operation when resumed.

(B) Common Troubleshooting
  • Weak Serving: Possible causes include loose or unstable power connections, over-tightened, worn, or low-tension serving wheels, and blocked ball channels. To resolve this, check and secure the power connection, adjust the serving wheel tension, replace worn wheels, and clear any debris or water from the ball channel.

  • Unstable Landing Points: This issue may stem from worn or loose friction wheels, tilted machine placement, or unbalanced trajectory adjustment. Address it by replacing or adjusting the friction wheels, recalibrating the machine to ensure it is level, and adjusting the base trajectory knob to maintain consistent height on both sides.

  • Flashing Red Light on Control Panel/Shutdown: Internal malfunctions or blocked pipelines are common causes. Power off the machine and inspect the ball channel to clear obstructions. If the issue persists, contact after-sales service for professional inspection and repair.

  • Occasional Double Ball Discharge: A faulty machine head spring is typically responsible. Have the spring replaced by professional technicians to ensure proper ball feeding and prevent double discharges.

  • Balls Going Out of Bounds/Netting: Improper distance between the machine and the court or incorrect trajectory adjustment may cause this. Adjust the machine spacing to the appropriate distance and turn the trajectory knob left to increase the ball arc or right to decrease it, depending on the issue.

  • Power Light On but Control Panel Unresponsive: A blown fuse is the most likely cause. Replace the fuse with one of matching specifications to restore control panel functionality.